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Korean Air Lines Flight 902
On April 20, 1978, Soviet air defense shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 902 (KAL 902) near Murmansk, Soviet Union, after the civilian aircraft violated Soviet airspace and failed to respond to Soviet ground control and interceptors.〔"The Worst, But Not The First." ''Time'' 122.11 (1983): 21. ''Academic Search Premier.'' Web. 9 Nov. 2012.〕〔"The Mystery Of Flight 902 Why Did A South Korean Jet Make a 180° Turn over the Arctic?." ''Time'' 111.18 (1978): 35. ''Academic Search Premier.'' Web. 9 Nov. 2012.〕 Soviet air defense initially identified it as part of the US air reconnaissance force, which carried out thousands of flights along Soviet borders annually at the time. Captain Alexander Bosov, pilot of the Sukhoi Su-15 that brought down Flight 902, saw Asian logogram characters on the tail of the Korean aircraft, and reported this to the ground control. Despite this, Vladimir Tsarkov, commander of the 21st Soviet Air Defense Corps, ordered Bosov to take down the plane, as the plane failed to respond to repeated orders to land, and was approaching the Soviet border with Finland. The Su-15 opened fire, forcing the plane to descend, and killing two of the 109 passengers and crew members aboard Flight 902. The plane made an emergency landing on the frozen Korpiyarvi lake (not to be confused with the Korpijärvi lake) near the Finnish border.〔()〕
== Flight 902 ==
Flight 902 departed from Paris, France on a course to Seoul, South Korea. The plane’s only scheduled stop was in Anchorage, Alaska, where it would refuel and proceed to Seoul, avoiding Soviet airspace. As the plane passed over Alert〔 on Ellesmere Island — located about 800 km (500 miles) from the North Pole — flight captain Kim Chang Ky (alternatively spelled Kyi or Kyu) suddenly changed his course and headed southeast toward Murmansk.
The aircraft was not fitted with an inertial navigation system, and GPS navigation was not available at the time. Due to an error in calculating magnetic declination, the plane flew in an enormous, right-turning arc. (The location of the turn corresponded quite closely with the location of the North Magnetic Pole, which is likely to have contributed to, if not directly caused, the error.) It flew southeast over the Svalbard archipelago and the Barents Sea, past northern Scandinavia and into Soviet airspace.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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